基质金属蛋白酶在子宫内膜异位症患者中的表达水平及在盆腔粘连中的作用

目的分析基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)在子宫内膜异位症患者中的表达水平及在盆腔粘连中的作用。方法选取2017年1月-2018年12月在温州市人民医院进行腹腔镜手术的60例子宫内膜异位症患者为观察组,选取同期进行腹腔镜手术的30例非子宫内膜异位症患者为对照组。观察组根据术中盆腔粘连程度分为1组(无或仅有轻度盆腔粘连,子宫内膜异位症Ⅰ~Ⅱ期,24例)和2组(中重度盆腔粘连,子宫内膜异位症Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,36例)。采集3组腹腔液和血清,采用ELISA法检测腹腔液及血清基质金属蛋白酶-2 (MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-3 (MMP-3)、基质金属蛋白酶-7 (MMP-7),血清雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)、卵泡刺激素(FSH),白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、白细胞介素-8 (IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果 1组腹腔液MMP-2、MMP-3、MMP-7水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0. 05),2组腹腔液MMP-2、MMP-3、MMP-7水平显著高于1组(均P<0. 05)。1组血清FSH、LH水平显著高于对照组(均P<0. 05),2组血清FSH、LH水平显著高于1组(均P <0. 05)。1组血清E2、P水平显著低于对照组(均P<0. 05),2组血清E2、P水平显著低于1组(均P<0. 05)。1组血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平显著高于对照组(均P<0. 05),2组血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平显著高于1组(均P<0. 05)。结论子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔液中MMPs水平升高,可能与盆腔粘连的发生及严重程度相关。     

The Association Between Pelvic Discomfort and Erectile Dysfunction in Adult Male Bicyclists

BackgroundBicycle riding's impact on erectile function remains a topic of great interest given cycling's popularity as a mode of transportation and exercise.AimWe evaluated risk factors for sexual dysfunction in male cyclists with the primary intention of determining if genital/pelvic pain and numbness are associated with erectile dysfunction (ED).MethodsWe surveyed male cyclists using an online anonymous questionnaire. Cyclists were queried on their demographics, cycling experience, and sexual function using the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM). ED was diagnosed when a completed SHIM score was <22. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk of ED in men with genital/pelvic pain or numbness after riding. The survey was designed in the United States.OutcomesQuantitative characterization of cycling habits, onset and timing of genital pain and numbness, and SHIM score.ResultsA total of 1635 participants completed the survey. A majority of men were over the age of 50 (58%, 934/1,607), Caucasian (88%, 1,437/1,635), had been active cyclists for over 10 years (63%, 1,025/1,635) and used road bikes (97%, 1,578/1,635). Overall, 22%, 30%, and 57% of men reported ED, genital pain, and genital numbness, respectively. While controlling for cohort demographics, body mass index, cycling intensity and equipment, and medical comorbidities, no saddle characteristics were associated with the risk of developing genital numbness. However, men reporting penile numbness were at higher risk of reporting ED (odds ratio [OR] = 1.453, P = .048). In addition, quicker onset of numbness and resolution of numbness within a day was associated with impaired erectile function. For example, numbness occurring less than 1 hour after cycling had greater odds of leading to ED than numbness after 5 hours (OR = 2.002, P = .032). Similarly, genital pain occurring less than 1 hour (OR = 2.466, P = .031) after cycling was associated with higher ED risk.Strengths & LimitationsStrengths include a large sample size of high-intensity cyclists and validated questionnaire use. Limitations include reliance on anonymous self-reported survey data and minimal inquiry into the riding preferences and terrain traversed by cyclists.ConclusionsPelvic pain and numbness are common complaints among male riders in the United States. Men with such complaints are more likely to also report ED especially if it occurs earlier in the ride. Although direction of causality and temporality are uncertain, alleviation of factors resulting in pelvic discomfort may reduce cycling's impact on sexual function. Such interventions are critical given that cycling for both active travel and aerobic exercise confers numerous health benefits.Balasubramanian A, Yu J, Breyer BN, et al. The Association Between Pelvic Discomfort and Erectile Dysfunction in Adult Male Bicyclists. J Sex Med 2020;17:919–929.     

Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality: An analysis of 19,834 open pelvic ring fractures

BackgroundOpen pelvic fractures are rare injuries, associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury related factors on complication and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the overall incidence of complications and mortality after open pelvic fractures, (2) compare patient factors between those who did and did not develop complications, (3) identify perioperative independent risk factors for complications and mortality.MethodsA query was performed for patients with open pelvic fractures between 2007 and 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Patient and injury specific variables were collected and complications were identified using International Classification of Disease Ninth and Tenth edition Codes. Patient demographic and perioperative data was compared using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test for categorical variables, and Welch’s t-test for continuous variables. Using pooled data from multiple imputations, logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals of independent risk factors for complications.ResultsA total of 19,834 open pelvic fracture cases were identified, with 9622 patients (48.5%) developing at least one complication. Patients who developed complications were older (35.0 vs 38.1 years), and had higher Injury Severity Scores (17.7 vs 26.5), lower Glasgow Coma Scores (14.2 vs 11.7), and a larger proportion presenting with hypotension (21% vs 6.9%). After pooled regression involving 19 factors, these were the strongest independent predictors of inpatient complication and mortality.ConclusionWe report a mortality rate of 14%, with an inclusive complication rate of 48.5%. Evaluating risk factors for morbidity and mortality for this devastating orthopaedic injury provides knowledge of an inherently sparse population.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Retrospective study.     

Optimisation of the organ donor and effects on transplanted organs: a narrative review on current practice and future directions

Mortality remains high for patients on the waiting list for organ transplantation. A marked imbalance between the number of available organs and recipients that need to be transplanted persists. Organs from deceased donors are often declined due to perceived and actual suboptimal quality. Adequate donor management offers an opportunity to reduce organ injury and maximise the number of organs than can be offered in order to respect the donor's altruistic gift. The cornerstones of management include: correction of hypovolaemia; maintenance of organ perfusion; prompt treatment of diabetes insipidus; corticosteroid therapy; and lung protective ventilation. The interventions used to deliver these goals are largely based on pathophysiological rationale or extrapolations from general critical care patients. There is currently insufficient high-quality evidence that has assessed whether any interventions in the donor after brain death may actually improve immediate post-transplant function and long-term graft survival or recipient survival after transplantation. Improvements in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms following brain death, in particular the role of immunological and metabolic changes in donors, offer promising future therapeutic opportunities to increase organ utilisation. Establishing a UK donor management research programme involves consideration of ethical, logistical and legal issues that will benefit transplanted patients while respecting the wishes of donors and their families.     

八髎穴治疗出口梗阻型便秘的机制探讨

出口梗阻型便秘(outlet obstruction constipation,OOC)已经成为影响现代人生活质量的重要疾病之一。本文就近年来国内外有关OOC的发病机制及针刺八髎穴治疗OOC的研究进行了回顾,发现针刺八髎穴可能通过提高神经节内板状末梢改善机械扩张的敏感性,升高血清胆囊收缩素水平,抑制脊髓前角的γ-运动神经元、脊髓内侧角的交感中枢的兴奋性及减少5-羟色胺、组织胺的释放等多途径达到治疗OOC的作用。深入探讨八髎穴治疗OOC的作用机制,可为寻找更为特异和有效的治疗靶点提供实验依据和理论基础。     

Antimicrobial dosing in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury

Severe sepsis often leads to multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) with acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI affects approximately, 35% of Intensive Care Unit patients, and most of these are due to sepsis. Mortality rate of sepsis-induced AKI is high. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials may be responsible for higher therapeutic failure, mortality rates, costs and toxicity as well as the emergence of resistance. Antimicrobial treatment is particularly difficult due to altered pharmacokinetic profile, dynamic changes in patient''s clinical status and, in many cases, need for renal replacement therapy. This article aims to describe the appropriate antimicrobial dosing and reviews the factors contributing to the difficulties in establishing precise guidelines for antimicrobial dosing in sepsis-induced AKI patients. Search strategy: Text material was collected by systematic search in PubMed, Google (1978–2013) for original articles.